Broadcast-based aggregated control reduces communication needs. Utility-based MPC ensure secure 5G network operation during demand response. A significant number of 5G base stations (gNBs) and their backup energy storage systems (BESSs) are redundantly configured, possessing surplus capacity during non-peak traffic hours.
1. Introduction 5G base station (BS), as an important electrical load, has been growing rapidly in the number and density to cope with the exponential growth of mobile data traffic . It is predicted that by 2025, there will be about 13.1 million BSs in the world, and the BS energy consumption will reach 200 billion kWh .
In , the BESSs for gNBs are introduced into a multi-energy flow system as a demand response, and on the intra-day time scale, the operational cost of the multi-energy system is optimized by leveraging the demand response of multiple energy storage systems, including the BESSs for gNBs. 1.3. Research gap and contributions
The energy management of the gNB and the charge/discharge switching of its BESSs enable the provision of up and down reserve for the power system with a rapid response (a gNB and its BESS is called a “gNB system” in this paper).
Therefore, the problem can be formulated as a minimal 5G BS energy consumption optimization model, i.e., the energy consumption reduced by reasonably switching off the idle or lightly loaded BSs and reasonably associate UEs with BSs (i.e., the BS switching state and BS-UE association state scheme).
This paper proposes a joint control framework that effectively incorporates gNBs-clusters into power system frequency control, with an aggregated model and utility-based control method that have been demonstrated to be technically feasible and robust for network operation.
With the rapid development of the digital new infrastructure industry, the energy demand for communication base stations in smart grid systems is escalating daily. The …
to 5G base stations [2]. The distributed energy storage system composed of backup battery energy storage in communications base stations can participate in auxiliary power market …
The Energy storage system of communication base station is a comprehensive solution designed for various critical infrastructure scenarios, including communication base stations, smart …
An energy consumption optimization strategy of 5G base stations (BSs) considering variable threshold sleep mechanism (ECOS-BS) is proposed, which includes the …
This paper revitalized the energy storage resources of 5G base stations to achieve the purpose of reducing the electricity cost of 5G base stations. First, it established a 5G base...
clustering method of energy storage utilizing virtual power plant technology to address the challenge that the energy storage of communication base stations with a large number and …
On the basis of ensuring smooth user communication and normal operation of base stations, it realizes orderly regulation of energy storage for large-scale base stations, participates in …
An energy consumption optimization strategy of 5G base stations (BSs) considering variable threshold sleep mechanism (ECOS-BS) is proposed, which includes the …
Virtual power plant can aggregate distributed resources and obtain large-scale economic benefits. Communication base station energy storage is usually in an idle state, so it can provide a …
The Large-scale Outdoor Communication Base Station is a state-of-the-art, container-type energy solution for communication base stations, smart cities, transportation networks, and other …
From an individual control perspective, each gNB is equipped with advanced energy management technology, such as gNB sleep [2], to enable rapid power consumption …
As depicted in Figure 10, during peak power load periods, the base stations control the number of active transceivers while preserving communication service quality, …
The participation of 5G base station energy storage in demand response can realize the effective interaction between power system and communication system, leading to …
For high energy consumption and low utilization of energy storage of base stations, the strategy of energy storage regulation of macro base station and sleep to save …
energy storage system is important for maintaining system stability and ensuring safe operation of the load. In this paper, the mathematical model of lithium battery is studied, the topology and …
In today''s 5G era, the energy efficiency (EE) of cellular base stations is crucial for sustainable communication. Recognizing this, Mobile Network Operators are actively prioritizing EE for …
Taking a microgrid containing energy storage system composed of vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) as research object, a multi-objective load distribution optimization …
This article focuses on the optimized operation of communication base stations, especially the effective utilization of energy storage batteries. Currently, base station energy …
Taking a microgrid containing energy storage system composed of vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) as research object, a multi-objective load distribution optimization …
On the basis of ensuring smooth user communication and normal operation of base stations, it realizes orderly regulation of energy storage for large-scale base stations, participates in …
This paper revitalized the energy storage resources of 5G base stations to achieve the purpose of reducing the electricity cost of 5G base stations. First, it established a 5G base...
The widespread installation of 5G base stations has caused a notable surge in energy consumption, and a situation that conflicts with the aim of attaining carbon neutrality. …
As depicted in Figure 10, during peak power load periods, the base stations control the number of active transceivers while preserving communication service quality, …
Firstly, the technical advantages of gNBs are apparent in both individual and group control. From an individual control perspective, each gNB is equipped with advanced …