The development and use of a robust evaluation framework, including sustainability assessment and rigorous decision-making processes for stakeholders involved battery deployment is critical for pre-emptively minimizing negative environmental and social impacts of new energy technologies.
Decisions regarding the deployment of battery technologies are made by a variety of parties in a range of circumstances. For example, battery manufacturers decide what materials to procure from what supplier to produce a battery system. Battery system vendors decide which technologies and system designs to construct and market for that application.
Building such a capability is a timely priority, since most of the battery capacity required for the clean energy transition has not yet been produced, meaning that we are at a critical juncture for ensuring that decisions made carry out large-scale battery deployment avoid negative impacts at scale.
Battery designs are manufacturer- and application-specific, resulting in complexity. According to experts, mixing different cell chemistries, specifically the currently most frequently used NMC and LFP cells, is difficult and sometimes even impossible due to their differing voltage levels.
Intermediary companies can act as intermediaries to remanufacture EV batteries and make them available for reuse. These companies earn profits within the battery market by incorporating second-life batteries into products or by performing battery logistics and acting as an interface between OEMs and end customers.
Table 1. Major decision-makers influencing battery sustainability Establishes mandates for supply chain characteristics for procurement by government agencies or deployment in a regional market. Sets direct or indirect laws or goals specifying timelines for deployment of battery technologies.
What are the technical and policy barriers to increasing EV battery recycling capacity in the UK? ... materials producers and battery manufacturers. • In China there is close integration …
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However, experts anticipate market entry barriers and expressed concerns about insufficient coordination among relevant stakeholders during the battery passport …
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