So overall, electrons flow AROUND the circuit, toward the negative end inside the battery, pushed by the chemical reaction, and toward the positive end in the outside circuit, pushed by the electrical voltage.
During the discharge of a battery, the current in the circuit flows from the positive to the negative electrode. According to Ohm’s law, this means that the current is proportional to the electric field, which says that current flows from a positive to negative electric potential.
Now the chemical process within the battery is "triggered" and these electrons are again "moved" to the negative pole of the battery. So, now you have a circuit the electrons go around. So electrons do flow out of the negative side. The positive sign indicates this side is positively charged compared to the negative side.
As shown in the figure, the direction of current flow is opposite to the direction of electron flow. The battery continues to discharge until one of the electrodes is used up [3, p. 226]. Figure 9.3.3: Charge flow in a charging battery. Figure 9.3.3 illustrates the flow of charges when the battery is charging.
As the battery is charged, electrons flow in from the charger and Cu ions flow in from solution. Since those ions still have electrons in them, there is electron flow. Likewise whatever negative ions flow toward the other electrode also carry electrons.
Editor’s note, 2/13/2020: Per reader requests, we have uploaded model files to go along with this blog post to the Application Gallery entry “ Potential Profile in Batteries and Electrochemical Cells “. We find out if the electric currents in batteries flow backwards by studying the potential profile inside a battery.
This physics video tutorial provides a basic introduction into the electric battery and conventional current. The electric battery converts chemical energy ...
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